Ancient Indian Mathematics Zero And Pi

Concept of Zero (śūnya)

🧠 Key Contributors

• Aryabhata (5th century CE): Used a symbol for zero in positional notation.
• Brahmagupta (7th century CE): Defined zero as a number and formulated rules for arithmetic operations involving zero.

📜 Brahmasphuta Siddhanta (628 CE)

• First text to treat zero as a number.
• Rules included:
  • ( a + 0 = a )
  • ( a - 0 = a )
  • ( a \times 0 = 0 )
  • ( 0 \div a = 0 )
  • ( 0 \div 0 = 0 ) (Brahmagupta's interpretation)

🧮 Importance

• Enabled the decimal place-value system.
• Made complex calculations and algebraic expressions possible.
• Spread to the Islamic world and Europe via trade and translations.