Chola Dynasty In Early Historic Period

Origins and Early References

• Ashokan Edicts (c. 273–232 BCE) record the Cholas alongside the Cheras and Pandyas, highlighting their independent status and cordial relations with the Mauryan Empire.
• Sangam literature (c. 3rd century BCE–3rd century CE) provides vivid accounts of Chola chiefdoms, political rivalries, social customs, and poet patronage.
• The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mentions Chola ports and maritime commerce, confirming active trade links with the Mediterranean world.