Jain And Buddhist Councils
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EXAMIVERSE
Jain Councils
Overview
Jain councils shaped the redaction and transmission of the Jain Agamas (canonical texts). Beginning after a great famine, successive assemblies met at Pataliputra, Mathura, and Vallabhi to compile oral traditions into written form.
Major Jain Councils
| Council | Date / Era | Location | Presided By | Key Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Jain Council | c. 300 BCE | Pataliputra | Sthulabhadra | Divided teachings into twelve Angas (eleven compiled); led to Svetambara–Digambara split. |
| Second Jain Council | 5th cent CE | Mathura & Vallabhi | Skandila (Mathura), Nagarjuna (Vallabhi) | Continued oral transmission; debated minor doctrinal points. |
| Third Jain Council | c. 6th cent CE* | Vallabhi | Devarddhigani Kshamashramana | Agamas finally committed to writing; Upangas added. |
* Traditional date based on “after Vardhamana” chronology.