Sangam Age Literature And Society
Page 5 of 7
EXAMIVERSE
Political Structure and Dynasties
- Three major kingdoms:
- Cheras (western coast) – port towns and spice trade
- Cholas (eastern delta) – cotton commerce and inland canals
- Pandyas (southern tip) – pearls and overland routes
- Kings wielded divine status, upheld by royal assemblies (sabha) and tribal councils (ur).
- Ministers (attar) and military chiefs (senapati) advised rulers; local chieftains managed villages.